His role in Islam
Omar was one of the close companions, who were known for his strong faith, certainty, and pleasure with fortune and fortune. He was also known for his industriousness in obedience and frequent prayers, fasting, remembrance, alms, and night prayers. He was a man of knowledge and justice, and one of those who issue fatwas.
Omar had a position with the Messenger of God, as he was his counsel, peace and blessings be upon him, and he was one of those he trusted, so he made him one of the zakat collectors and entrusted him with the Muslims ’ plutocrat. He was one of the pens of the disclosure, and he shared in the construction of the Quba Mosque.
Omar bin Al- Khattab, may God be pleased with him, contributed to its construction( Reuters)
He shared in the irruptions and battles, and witnessed the Great Badr. After the palm of the Muslims and the prisoner of 70 men from the apostates, the Prophet, may God’s prayers and peace be upon him, consulted Abu Bakr and Omar about what to do with the polytheists.
Abu Bakr’s opinion was to take the rescue, and Omar’s opinion was to kill them, so he, peace be upon him, asked Abu Bakr’s opinion, and on the day Next, a Qur’anic verse was revealed that supports the position of Omar ibn al- Khattab, which is the Almighty’s byword( It isn't for a prophet to have internees until he has made a thick war in the land).
You ask the goods of this world, but God desires the Hereafter, and God is potent, Wise.
In the Battle of Uhud, he was one of those who remained loyal around the Prophet, may God’s prayers and peace be upon him, and in the Battle of the Trench, he was fighting the polytheists until he missed the autumn prayer, so he cursed the apostates and the polytheists and supplicated it to make up for it with the Prophet, may Allah’s prayers and peace be upon him.
In the Battle of Banu Mustaliq, Omar had a establishment station against the hypocrites. He asked the Prophet to allow him to cut the neck of Abdullah bin Ubaya bin Salul because of the strife he'd burned among the Muslims.
The Prophet didn't allow him so that it would not be said that Muhammad was killing his companions.
On the day of Hudaybiyah, his position on conciliation was clear, as he rejected the earnings that were given to the polytheists at that time, and he believed that the Muslims were right and the questioners were wrong, and he wondered why Muslims give inferiority to their religion?! still, he adhered the instructions of the Prophet, may God bless him and grant him peace, and carried out his orders.
He shared in the Battle of Khaybar, and the Messenger, peace and blessings be upon him, transferred him with a secret to Hawazin after Khaybar. The news reached them before his appearance, so they fled. When Omar and his company arrived, he didn't find any of them, so he returned to Medina.
He shared in the Battle of Dhat al- Silsil under the command of Amar bin al- Aas, and the Knockout Company under the command of Abu Ubaydah bin al- Jarrah.
He was a commander of the guard of Prophet, may God bless him and grant him peace, on the day of the subjection of Mecca, and the Prophet ordered him on the day of the subjection to enter the Kaaba and abolish every image in it.
He also shared in the Battle of Huneyn, and was among the many who remained loyal around the Prophet, may God bless him and grant him peace, at the morning of the battle when he betrayed them. He also witnessed the Battle of Tabuk and was assigned by the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, to be with the army of Osama caddy Zaid.
His role in succession of Abu Bakr Al- Siddiq
After the death of the Prophet, may God bless him and grant him peace, a disagreement passed between the settlers and the Ansar regarding who the caliphate should be, and the Ansar indicated that there were two caliphs.
still, Omar bin Al- Khattab asked Abu Bakr Al- Siddiq to extend his hand to pledge constancy to him, and he was the first to pledge constancy to him, also the Emigrant Companions followed him, also the Ansar, and this is a memorial of Abu Bakr Al- Siddiq’s bounty. Bakr, his status and right to the caliphate, and his fear of a rift among Muslims.
When apostasy passed and zakat was denied, Omar differed in his opinion from Abu Bakr. also he returned after Abu Bakr showed him what was right, and he was his supporter and coadjutor in his wars.
Omar advised Abu Bakr to collect the Qur’an after the Battle of Al- Yamamah and the martyrdom of between 600 and 700 Muslims, including a large number of memorizers. So Abu Bakr ordered Zaid bin Thabit to collect the Qur’an, so he traced it from the win tree, the win tree, and the cases of men. He collected all the runners with Abu Bakr until God took his death.
Omar was an counsel to Abu Bakr, helping him in managing the state, organizing the affairs of the church, and judicial matters. Abu Bakr appointed him as his successor in charge of Medina when he went out for Umrah, and Omar performed Hajj with the people during Abu Bakr’s race, and he also led them in prayer in the absence of Abu Bakr.
His succession
Abu Bakr Al-Siddiq appointed Omar ibn Al-Khattab as successor to the Muslims before his death after consulting the senior immigrants and Ansar. Uthman ibn Affan, by order of Abu Bakr, wrote a will for succession, and Omar ibn Al-Khattab took over the position of the Muslims on Tuesday, Jumada Al-Akhira 22, 13 AH.
Omar asked the subjects to obey him and his governors, and explained to them that the ruler’s goodness was the goodness of his subjects. He alerted them to the importance of giving him advice. He loved someone who would tell him his faults, and he would be happy if someone pointed out his mistake to him and he would correct his position.
Omar was keen on caring for his subjects, fearing God in them, and checking on their conditions. People praised his justice, his good leadership, and his fulfillment of the rights of his subjects. He was keen on hearing people’s complaints and resolving their affairs, feeding their needy, consoling their poor, and helping them meet their needs. He honored people of virtue and was close to him. righteousness and piety, and consults them on parish matters.
In appointing governors over the regions, Omar was keen that they be among the best of the subjects, characterized by righteousness and piety and known for their uprightness, and that they be among the companions of the Messenger of God, and not from his people, as he spared his relatives and sons from guardianship, and that they be experienced and knowledgeable in managing the affairs of the subjects and in politics, and possessing acumen. Intelligence, mercy, affection, and compassion for Muslims and their abstinence from the world and its enjoyments.
He removed those who failed to comply with the orders of his subjects, or whose subjects complained about him to Omar and verified the complaint and its validity, or those who did not comply with the orders of the Caliph.
During his reign, the Qur’an was written in one Qur’an, and a group of companions supervised this, with the narration of Saeed bin Al-Aas, and Zaid bin Thabit wrote it in his own handwriting, and he was keen that whoever taught the Qur’an be proficient in it, its reading, and its recitation.
He was interested in establishing the rituals of religion, especially prayer and performing it, and paying attention to mosques and their imams. He would urge his subjects to follow and perform the rituals of prayer, fasting, and Hajj. Omar was also interested in knowledge and scholars and raising their status. He was interested in poetry and poets and learning news, and he would send jurists to teach the regions about their religion.
Omar bin Al-Khattab is the first to establish the Hijri date.
Conquests during his reign
The Muslims conquered Damascus during the reign of Omar ibn al-Khattab, and the army at that time was led by Khalid ibn al-Walid before his removal. The commander of the Romans was Bahan. After intense fighting, the Roman army withdrew to Damascus and closed the gates. Some companions sneaked in and opened the door for the army. The Muslims entered Damascus and a peace treaty was written between them and the Romans.
Jerusalem was also conquered during his reign after a siege that lasted 4 months, when the armies led by Amr ibn al-Aas, Khalid ibn al-Walid, and Abu Ubaidah ibn al-Jarrah met there, and its people surrendered, and Omar came to it and received its keys from the Romans.
During the reign of Omar bin Al-Khattab, Nahavand and Ahwaz were conquered. These conquests were aided by Omar's interest in combat ability, preparing the army, and the physical strength of the soldiers, teaching them various combat skills and raising their fitness, fear for the army and soldiers, concern for their lives, and recognition of their merit and status.
Omar was keen to equip the armies well, prepare them, and constantly supply them with equipment and equipment. He always urged soldiers and army commanders to be patient, to rely on God, not to despair, to be certain of relief, and to be courageous and brave.
Omar was considered the first to establish the Diwan al-Jund at the invitation of the Companions to guarantee the rights of the soldiers and to distribute spoils and give to the people fairly.
His martyrdom
Omar bin Al-Khattab was leading the Muslims in the dawn prayer, and Abu Lulu’a Al-Majusi stabbed him with a poisoned knife. He stabbed 13 Muslim men as he was trying to escape, and 7 of them were martyred, then he killed himself after he was surrounded. Omar asked for a doctor to be called to see his wound. The doctor came and gave Omar a drink of wine and it came out of the wound. The doctor suspected that the color of the wine was blood. So another doctor came and gave Omar a drink of milk and it came out white from the site of the wound. The doctor asked Omar to know that his death was approaching.
Omar nominated 6 of the companions for the caliphate, namely Othman, Ali, Abd al-Rahman bin Awf, Talha, al-Zubayr, and Saad. He advised them to fear God and asked them to pledge allegiance to whomever Abd al-Rahman bin Awf pledged allegiance to, and whoever refused would be beheaded. Omar ordered his son Abdullah to pay off his debt and ask Aisha’s permission to be buried in her house next to him. His two friends; The Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, and Abu Bakr Al-Siddiq.
Several statements were narrated regarding the date of his death, all of which ranged between the end of Dhu al-Hijjah and the beginning of Muharram, in the year 23 AH. His son Abdullah washed him and shrouded him, and the honorable companions prayed the funeral prayer over him, and he was buried in Aisha’s room next to his two companions. The duration of his caliphate was 10 years, 5 months, and 21 nights, may God be pleased with him.
Thank you for reading
0 Comments